WHAT IS AN ELEMENTS

 

As we all are study in our childhood class what is elements?And major elements what are they,In our world god has created all the thing for human beings . Some things are we Know and other some are we dont know . Day  by day we are discovered new things.

Actually iam discussing with the matter Elements . What is an Elements , the heaviest elements and the lighest elements and etc.

First of all we starting with..

WHAT IS AN ELEMENTS 

The elements are sometimes we are called the building blocks of the universe , because everything in the universe including ouserlves is made of them . As we know the nucleus of each elements consist of atoms with the same number of protons . Each elements is unique , although elements can exist in diffrent forms . 

I tell you in one example , 

we

all know about carbon . Carbon may be soft graphite or hard diamond . Elements cannot usally be broken down into any other substances.

The international union of pure and applied chemistry had recognised a total number of element is 118 and 91 occur naturally on earth . Others can be created artificially in laboratories , but in minute quantities and they have very short lifepans of only thousands of a seconds. As we also know each elements known by a one or two letter symbol as well as its name . For example " Fe " for iron and " Na " for sodium.

A chemical compound is a combination of two or more elements linked together , Which can be broken down again into their constituent parts but no further . 

Water for example , is made up of two hydrogen atom linked to one oxygen atom . Salt or Sodium Chloride , is a compound of Sodium and Chlorine .

ELEMENTS IN SEA WATER

Sea is a store house of minerals and elements . A cubic kilometer means a billion tonnes of a sea water is a treasure chest of elements , but Sodium and Chlorine its combined as sodium chloride or common salt are the only two that are taken from it in large amounts . Other elements , such as gold are too expensive to extract even though there may be as much as 500 kg gold in a cubic kilometer of sea water .

elements                  mg/litre

1. Oxygen                8,57000

2. Hydrogen            1,07800

3. Chlorine                 19,870

4. Sodium                   11,050

5. Magnesium              1,326

ELEMENTS ON EARTH

There is calcium in the earth and sea in the form of calcium carbonate . Sodium exists in the form of sodium chloride  , the salt in the sea and on our dining tables . The quantities of both calcium and sodium are so vast that these elements are considered unlimited . Some elements are mined and used in industry . Iron is the most common , followed by magnesium.

There are quite small amounts of some precious metals on earth , Which is why they are so valuable . For example there are about one million tonnes of silver and 15,000 tonnes of gold . Elements are constantly being taken from earth , but new discoveries are being made . We are still some way from running out of even the rarest elements .

Mostly elements are two types one is heaviest and other one is lightest . Let see what are the heaviest elements .

THE HEAVIEST ELEMENTS

OSMIUM

Osmium is the heaviest elements of all (22.61 g per cubic centimeter). It was discovered by the British chemist Smithson Tennant in 1803 . He named it after the greek word for smell because it smelt bad . Osmium is twice as heavy as lead so heavy that a cubic foot (0.028317 cubic meters ) weights 640kg , as much as ten average people . A football made of Osmium would weight 126kg , or as much as two adults . Osmium is also very hard , and is used to make hard wearing points , such as the nibs of fountain pens .

PLATINUM

Platinum was used before we dont realise that it was an element . It weight almost as much as Osmium (21.45g per cubic centimeter) and is used to make jewellery that is even more expensive than gold that we know . It is also used in catalytic converters in cars to reduce the pollution  from exhaust gases.

PLUTONIUM

Plutonium was discovered in 1941 and is a heavy and highly radio active metal . It is used as a nuclear fuel and in nuclear weapons . A kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equivalent to 20,000 tonnes of TNT (Trinitrotoluene) .

GOLD

 Gold is the best known of all heavy metals though at 19.29g per cubic centimeter it is heavy than the others here . Gold has been prized since ancient times and has many uses beyond coins and jewellery .

THE LIGHTEST ELEMENTS

HYDROGEN

Hydrogen is the simplest and lightest elements , and the most common in the entire universe . 93 percentage of all atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms . On earth , it is relatively rare in the atmosphere . Only five of every 100 million litres of air are hydrogen but hydrogen combined with oxygen forms all the water in the worlds oceans , lakes and rivers . Hydrogen is very light . The air in a room with walls 4m long and 4m high would weight 82.5kg but if the same room were filled with hydrogen , it would weight only 5.76kg . This is why we are used hydrogen balloons carrying for human passengers.

HELIUM

Helium is twice as heavy as hydrogen , but it is still only one seventh the weight of air . Unlike hydrogen , helium does not burn , so it is used in modern airship .

LITHIUM

Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Swedish scientist Johan August Arfvedson . It takes its name from the Latin word for rock , although it is actually a metal . Lithium is so light (42 times lighter than the heaviest element osmium) and so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife . It floats because it is half as hevay as water , and lighter than some types of wood . It is used to make lithium batteries .

POTTASIUM AND SODIUM

Both were discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy . Both are metals that are lighter than water . In a laboratory , potassium is usually kept in paraffin because if it comes into contact with water it releases hydrogen and generates so much heat that it catches fire . Sodium also has to be kept immersed in paraffin . If it is dropped into water it hurtles around on the surface before noisily bursting into flames . Potassium is vital for plant growth and human well being our bodies contain about 140g of it . Sodium is relatively common as part of a compound in combination with chlorine it is ordinary table salt .

HIGHEST MELTING POINTS

Elements           Melting points( `C )

1.Carbon                 3,527

2.Tungsten             3,422

3.Rhenium              3,186

4.Osmium               3,033

5.Tantalum             3,017

This is the very short information about elements . if you see any mistakes and mismatch words and errors please forgive me.